• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    System for capturing particles in underground stations that includes air ejection nozzles (1) connected by one or more pumps (6) and one or more eliminators (4) of particles to a few intakes (2) of air below the edge of the platform. The particle scavengers (4) may comprise an electrostatic or magnetic filter. The intakes (2) will be mainly or exclusively at the end or entrance ends of the means of transport to the platform. When the station has a platform and tracks on both sides of the tunnel, it may comprise vertical air expulsion nozzles (1) in the center of the tunnel. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2589355A1
    申请号:ES201631074
    申请日:2016-08-04
    公开日:2016-11-11
    发明作者:Vanessa FERRIS GARCIA
    申请人:Investig Ecologicas Alcalaten S L；Investigaciones Ecologicas Alcalaten Sl；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    DESCRIPTION
    Particle collection system in underground stations SECTOR DE LA TECNICA
    The present invention relates to a system for collecting particles, especially metal particles, in underground stations or parking lots. It is of main application, but not exclusively to railway tunnels, and especially to metro networks and the like.
    STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE
    At underground train and subway stations, users spend a certain period of time exposed dust particles, including metal particles. This exposure can even be repeated regularly or even several cycles of day exposure. However, in multiple studies on underground stations in several cities, the levels of metal particles detected reach very harmful values for human exposure and inhalation.
    The problem to be solved affects pollution in the form of ultrafine dust, often of metallic particles, present mainly in underground railway stations. The problem essentially affects subway stations although it can also affect railway stations (regional, medium distance), buses and any type of vehicles when they are underground and do not have sufficient natural ventilation.
    Recent studies have shown that the levels of pollution of ultrafine dust present in subway stations can be detrimental to the health of workers and travelers.
    In this sense M. Loxham (Matthew Loxham et al, “Physicochemical Characterization of Airborne Particulate Matter at a Mainline Underground Railway Station”, Environ. Sci. Technol., 2013, 47 (8), pp 3614-3622.) After analyzing the samples of particles of various granulometers present in the London Underground (PM0.1, PM 2.5 and PM10) were able to verify that the underground stations not only have high particulate matter (PM) loads compared to ambient air, but also that to the extent that it is about
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    particles derived from metal-rich sources may pose a health risk. In addition, these particles can act as catalysts in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Comparing the particulate matter with that present in other environments loaded with particulate matter such as road tunnels, it was found that the PM of the subway was remarkably richer in Fe (in an amount that amounted to more than 40% by mass) and in several others transition metals (Cu, Cr, Mn and Zn).
    It was also found that, in attention to their morphology, the generation of the major particles was produced by abrasion while the fine and ultrafine derived, probably from high temperature processes. And that the ultrafine particles (PM0.1) had were potentially more harmful to health as a result of the higher ratio of the surface area to volume ratio and its higher metal content.
    Similar investigations have been carried out in other metro stations, Spanish and European. It was concluded that control actions at the source are important for achieving better air quality in the underground environment.
    The origin of the metallic particulate matter present in the underground train stations is found in the wear of brake pads, in the friction between wheels and rails, as well as in the friction of the catenaries with the electric cables.
    The particles that are generated in the braking process or by friction of the catenaries are produced essentially within the underground tunnels. However, when the train arrives at the station, due to the piston effect, it pushes a stream of air from inside the tunnel to the station, dragging the set of PMs that have been generated and deposited inside the tunnels.
    For its elimination various strategies have been addressed. First, in the HEXACOMM project (Human Exposure to Aerosol Contaminants in Modern Microenvironments (http: http://hexacomm.nilu.no/), a project funded by the Seventh Framework Program.), it is proposed to modify the design of the stations to limit the exposure of travelers to potentially harmful pollutants. It has also analyzed the type of brake pads and their incidence on the detached metal particles, as well as studying the two types of current catenary - copper and graphite - in order to determine which originates the least polluting PM.
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    Air curtains are well known, and are commonly used to provide a non-physical barrier through an entrance to a building. The barrier provided by the air curtain separates the external and internal environments in a limited way, resisting the flow of air from the outside to the inside of the building, preventing particles entrained by the external air from entering and also preventing currents of the heated air between The interior and exterior.
    In order to prevent the PM from inside the tunnels from reaching the stations in the international patent application number WO2010GB002272 the use of a composite air curtain has been proposed. French patent application FR2757933 proposes a vertical air curtain in which two pairs of air curtain generators face through an opening. The pairs are separated from each other and within each pair the two air curtains are directed to converge towards each other.
    Vertical air curtains cannot be used in tunnels, due to the fact that a suction system cannot be located in the lower part of the tunnel and the air curtain systems integrated only by the upper ventilation system are very efficient. limited In these patents the proposed solution has been to establish the air curtain not vertically but horizontally, across the width of the door to be separated.
    BRIEF EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
    The invention consists of a system for collecting particles in tunnels (underground stations, underground car parks, ...) according to the claims.
    The invention reduces and prevents the access of the metallic particles that are generated inside the underground tunnels to the stations where the travelers are and, at the same time, purifies and eliminates these particles by means of a built-in filtration system. In addition, it is intended to have a reduced energy consumption. The system is based on one or several nozzles of forced ventilation on one side of the mouth of the tunnel on which to act and one or several suction inlets on the opposite wall, on which certain improvements are incorporated for use for the purposes indicated : of elimination of the metallic PM in the subway stations.
    The system for capturing particles in underground stations of the invention is applied in stations that have at least one platform to wait for users and download and upload to
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    conveyance. This station will therefore be incorporated into a tunnel or similar. The system comprises air ejection nozzles that are connected to air intakes below the edge of the platform. The connection will be carried out by means of one or more pumps and one or more particle eliminators (for example, an electrostatic, magnetic or ionic filter accompanied or not by more elements such as previous contaminated air concentrators).
    The arrangement of the sockets and nozzles can be homogeneous, or comprise more sockets at the entrance end of the means of transport to the platform. That is, at the end of the platform that first reaches the means of transport. In this way, the capture of particles will be stronger where needed.
    When the station has platforms and roads on both sides of the tunnel, a set of air intakes may be installed at each end of the platforms, mainly in the platform closest to the road through which the incoming convoy circulates.
    The system can be activated continuously, or depend on several types of sensors that can be arranged alternatively or collaboratively:
    • Sensors of the position of the means of transport. The pumps will be activated when a vehicle is approaching, and will stop once it is broken.
    • Pressure sensors in the tunnel. They will allow to detect increases in pressure due to the piston effect.
    • Sensors of the number of particles in the environment. They will allow to define a threshold from which the purification of the air is activated.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    For a better understanding of the invention, the following figures are included.
    Figure 1: schematic view of an embodiment example.
    EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
    Next, a mode of embodiment of the invention will be described briefly, as an illustrative and non-limiting example of this.
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    The embodiment shown in the figures is applied in a closed or underground station, where the air is renewed to a lesser extent than in an open station. It is preferably applied in subway, tram or train stations, for producing more metal particles, but it can also be applied in other types of stations.
    The embodiment shown in the figures comprises nozzles (1) for expelling air located in the platform, near its edge. The nozzles (1) will generally be arranged on top of the users so that they are not filled with dirt or affect the passage of the users. In parallel, air intakes (2) will be arranged below the edge of the platform, close to the roads. The nozzles (1) and the sockets (2) may be distributed homogeneously along the platform, or increase their concentration at the end or ends of the entrance to the platform, where the train (3) or means of transport enters the platform, brakes and generates more particles. It is even possible to arrange them only at that end.
    Between the air intakes (2) and the ejection nozzles (1) a circuit will be formed with particle eliminators (4). These eliminators (4) could be a settling tank, a cyclone, barrier filters or other, ... but preferably will comprise electrostatic, magnetic or ionic filters to capture the metal particles. If desired, contaminated air concentrators (5) may be available prior to the filters. For example, one or more cyclonic separators that divide the flow into its clean part (by the cyclone axis) and dirty (by the cyclone base).
    The air circulation between the inlets (2) and the nozzles (1) will be assisted by one or more fans or pumps (6) of variable flow.
    The metro, underground tram and other similar stations have sensors for the presence and position of the trains, used to manage traffic. The system may use these sensors for activation or braking.
    A second option is that the system is connected to sensors (not shown) that measure the current and air pressure inside the tunnel. In this way, under normal operating conditions, when no train (3) is arriving at the station, the ventilation rate of the system is reduced or zero, since at that time the cleaning effect that is intended to be obtained is not required. However, when a train (3) approaches the station and, as a consequence of the piston effect, moves air from inside the tunnel to the station, the sensor detects it and a control unit (not shown) increases the pressure
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    of work of the pumps (6), to adjust the consumption of the ventilation system offered by the physical barrier, at the moment when an air current is generated from the inside of the tunnel towards the station, which drags the undesirable particles.
    The system will stop the pumps (6) automatically after a while. For example, the system could be activated when the train (3) or convoy is at a distance of 200-500m, at which time the piston effect causes an air flow to the station, which provides a flow of air loaded with particles metal that must be drifted towards eliminators (4). On the other hand, when the train (3) leaves, with or without stopping at the station, the system will be temporarily deactivated after a few seconds, until the restart of the cycle with the approximation of another train (3), by the same way or the opposite .
    The sensors can also activate the system when they observe that the particles exceed a predetermined threshold.
    If it is desired to increase the collection of particles, more air intakes (2) may be provided and part of the flow captured can be derived to points above or behind the users, to make it difficult for the particles to access the platform. It is possible that they generate an insulating air curtain from the ceiling, although it is considered less preferred because it could excessively remove the environment.
    In stations with platforms and rods on both sides, it is possible to define a line of nozzles (1) of air expulsion, vertical, from the roof of the tunnel, at the midpoint of the rods. In this way, the current generated by these nozzles (1) helps direct the particles towards the sockets (2).
    In the case of bus stations or similar, where the gap between the platform and the road is reduced, the sockets (2) will be located on the sidewalk or in the access of the vehicles to the underground station.
    The system will include the valves, manometers, by-pass, corresponding to this type of installations.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
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    1 - Particle collection system in underground stations, of the type that has a platform to wait for users and down and up to the means of transport inside a tunnel or similar, characterized in that it comprises air discharge nozzles (1) connected to air intakes (2) under the edge of the platform, by one or more pumps (6) and one or more particle eliminators (4).
    2- System, according to claim 1, wherein the particle eliminators (4) comprise an electrostatic, magnetic or ionic filter.
    3- System, according to claim 1, comprising one or more polluted air concentrators (5) prior to the particle eliminator (4).
    4- System, according to claim 1, comprising more air intakes (2) at the inlet end or ends of the means of transport to the platform than at the other points thereof.
    5- System, according to claim 1, for stations with anden and rods on both sides of the tunnel, comprising nozzles (1) for vertical air expulsion in the center of the tunnel.
    6- System, according to claim 1, comprising sensors for the position of the means of transport.
    7- System, according to claim 1, which has pressure sensors in the tunnel.
    8- System, according to claim 1, which has sensors for the amount of particles in the environment.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2589355B1|2017-08-23|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    JPH09210423A|1996-01-31|1997-08-12|Sanyo Electric Co Ltd|Air conditoning system|
    KR20010017935A|1999-08-16|2001-03-05|김동수|The subway ventilation system|
    KR101085790B1|2010-12-14|2011-11-30|팬코리아 테크놀러지|Hot air prevention apparatus for platform of train|WO2020012014A1|2018-07-13|2020-01-16|Mann+Hummel Gmbh|Train station, in particular a tunnel-type train station, and use of a filter unit in a train station|
    法律状态:
    2017-08-23| FG2A| Definitive protection|Ref document number: 2589355 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: B1 Effective date: 20170823 |
    2021-04-29| PC2A| Transfer of patent|Owner name: FULL HUNTER, S.L. Effective date: 20210423 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201631074A|ES2589355B1|2016-08-04|2016-08-04|Particle collection system in underground stations|ES201631074A| ES2589355B1|2016-08-04|2016-08-04|Particle collection system in underground stations|
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